*DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone, is the most abundant adrenal steroid
hormone in the body. After it is made by the adrenal glands, it
travels into cells throughout the body where it is converted into
androgens and estrogens. These hormones regulate fat and mineral
metabolism, endocrine and reproductive function, and energy levels.
The amount of each hormone that DHEA converts to depends on an
individualOs biochemistry, age, and sex. DHEA levels peak around age
25 and then decline steadily. DHEA supplementation has been
associated with increased emotional well-being and immune function.
Pure Encapsulations DHEA is micronized to increase absorption.
It is made with 99.38% pure, pharmaceutical grade DHEA.
Reference: Aoki K, Nakajima A, Mukasa K, Osawa E, Mori Y, Sekihara H. Prevention of diabetes, hepatic injury, and colon cancer with dehydroepiandrosterone.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2003 Jun;85(2-5):469-72.
*A.I. Enzymes. provides a superior combination of natural plant
enzymes precisely balanced for broad spectrum support of digestive
function and to help maintain healthy joints and muscles in times
of peak stress. This formula contains enhanced levels of protease,
amylase and lipase sourced from Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus
niger. Bromelain (from pineapple) and papain (from papaya), provided
in their highest potencies, add to the protease profile of this formula.
Taken between meals, A.I. Enzymes promotes healthy levels of kinins
and fibrin, thereby helping to maintain normal muscle and joint
function. Taken with meals, the plant enzymes help replace naturallyoccurring
enzymes that are destroyed in highly processed and
cooked foods. This plant enzyme blend promotes the breakdown of
protein, carbohydrates and fat.
A.I. Enzymes provides purif ied, high potency support for healthy
muscles and joints and optimal digestion.
Reference: Rovenska E, Svik K, Stancikova M, Rovensky. Inhibitory effect of
enzyme therapy and combination therapy with cyclosporin A on collageninduced
arthritis. J.Clin Exp Rheumatol 2001 May-Jun;19(3):303-9.
For digestive support, 2-6 capsules per day, in divided doses, with meals.
For healthy muscle and joint support, 2-6 capsules per day, in divided
doses, between meals.
*A.I. FormulaR is a broad spectrum, synergistic combination of
concentrated extracts which inhibits the discharge of histamine
from activated mast cells or basophils.
A.I. Formula offers a safe and natural way to regulate histamine
production and thus modulate the inflammatory response at the
cellular level.
Reference: Ram A, Das M, Ghosh B. Curcumin attenuates allergen-induced
airway hyperresponsiveness in sensitized guinea pigs. Biol Pharm Bull 2003
Jul;26(7):1021-4.
each vegetable capsule contains
quercetin ......................................................................................... 250 mg.
Curcuma longa (turmeric) extract..................................................... 150 mg.
(standardized to contain 97% curcuminoids)
bromelain (2,400 gdu/gram) ........................................................... 200 mg.
ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract ................................................... 100 mg.
(standardized to contain 5% gingerols)
vitamin C (as ascorbyl palmitate).........................................................14 mg.
2-6 capsules per day, in divided doses, between meals.
Choline source for memory, cognitive health and growth hormone support
*l-Alpha-glycerophosphatidylcholine (GPC-choline, alpha-GPC) is a
water-soluble phospholipid metabolite naturally occurring in the
body. Alpha-GPC passes through the blood brain barrier providing
a source of choline for acetylcholine and phosphatidylcholine
biosynthesis. By supporting cell membrane fluidity and integrity,
phosphatidylcholine enhances healthy neurotransmitter function and
signal transduction. Supplementation with alpha-GPC may maintain
healthy phospholipid turnover in the brain, helping to counteract
age-related cellular breakdown of membrane phospholipids.
Acetylcholine is a key neurotransmitter in the brain supporting
memory and learning. Optimal phospholipid and acetylcholine levels
support cognitive, mental and cerebrovascular health. An open multicenter
clinical trial involving 2044 subjects indicated that alpha-GPC
supports cognitive health and has excellent tolerability. Multiple
research studies suggest that alpha-GPC plays a role in enhancing
mental function, neurological function and memory. In a multi-center,
randomized controlled study, 126 subjects supplemented with alpha-
GPC demonstrated improved neuropsychological parameters in
behavioral scales and tests. Additionally, alpha-GPC has the ability to
potentiate growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), thereby
supporting healthy growth hormone (GH) levels. The mechanism of
support appears to involve increased cholinergic tone. Studies
indicate that this effect is particularly pronounced in mature subjects.
Alpha-GPC is an important neurotransmitter and phospholipid
precursor providing support for age-related decline in cognitive
function, memory, cerebrovascular health and growth hormone levels.
Reference: Parnetti L, et al. Multicentre study of l-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine
vs ST200 among patients with probable senile dementia of AlzheimerOs
type. Drugs Aging 1993 Mar-Apr;3(2):159-64.
Water and lipid soluble antioxidant; supports glucose
metabolism and nerve health
*Alpha lipoic acid is an exceptionally versatile nutrient; being both water
and fat soluble, it is able to function in almost any part of the body. It is
manufactured in the body, but often times not in the amounts necessary
to perform its many functions. Alpha lipoic acid is a potent antioxidant
which neutralizes harmful free radicals and enhances the activity of
vitamins C and E. A key component of the metabolic process, alpha lipoic
acid produces energy in muscles and directs calories into energy
production. In addition, this potent nutrient helps sustain normal blood
sugar levels, supports the nervous system and provides nutritional
support for normal liver functioning. In one study, alpha lipoic acid
decreased serum lactate and pyruvate and promoted healthy glucose
metabolism in lean and overweight individuals. Alpha lipoic acid
supported nerve health in subjects who participated in a four-month,
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. The
ability of alpha lipoic acid to modulate nitric oxide metabolite activity and
to promote healthy microcirculation accounted for its ability to promote
nerve cell health in two separate studies.
Alpha Lipoic Acid is a multifunctional, versatile nutrient which plays
a key role in the antioxidant network and the metabolic process.
Reference: Haak E et al. Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on microcirculation in
patients with peripheral diabetic neuropathy. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes
2000;108(3):168-74.
Powerful antioxidant for the skin,
macula, joints, immune system and cardiovascular function
*Derived from Hawaiian Haematococcus
pluvialis microalgae cultivated under pristine conditions, esterfied
astaxanthin is a stable, powerful, fat-soluble antioxidant from the carotenoid
family. Haematococcus algae produces astaxanthin to protect itself
against ultraviolet-induced free radical damage. Astaxanthin is different from
beta- carotene in that it has two additional oxygenated groups on each of its
ring structures, enhancing its ability to scavenge free radicals. It is believed
to be several hundred times more effective than vitamin E in neutralizing
singlet oxygen molecules and has been shown to exert greater antioxidant
activity than both zeaxanthin and lutein. Astaxanthin protects the phospholipid
membranes of cells from oxidative damage. In a recent U.S. study, it
demonstrated the ability to cross the blood brain barrier and protect the retina
in animals, suggesting its potential for supporting the brain and nervous system
from free radical damage. Initial trials with astaxanthin suggest that it may
boost the skin's natural antioxidant defenses against ultraviolet induced free
radicals. In a human clinical evaluation, supplementation with BioAstin
astaxanthin for two weeks provided significant antioxidant protection for the
skin. In cell cultures, astaxanthin provided greater protection than both
beta-carotene and lutein, in part by supporting catalase and superoxide
dismutase activity. Astaxanthin may also moderate the activity of polyamines
generated by exposure to sunlight. In one double-blind placebo controlled trial,
BioAstin astaxanthin significantly supported joint comfort in human volunteers.
The results of another human clinical trial suggest that BioAstin astaxanthin
supported knee comfort and joint function after strenuous leg exercises.
Subjects in a third study using BioAstin astaxanthin reported enhanced wrist
nerve comfort. Furthermore, a double blind study conducted in Sweden for the
duration of six months revealed physiological benefits for strength and exercise
in participants. In one animal study, astaxanthin helped to maintain a healthy
bacterial environment in the stomach. In another animal study, astaxanthin
supported healthy lipid metabolism. Other studies are in progress to further
evaluate its cardiovascular support properties. Enhanced dietary concentrations
of astaxanthin have demonstrated the ability to support healthy immunoglobulin
activity and immune function. Additional studies suggest astaxanthin's immune
and cellular support potential.
Astaxanthin provides superior
antioxidant power, boosting the natural antioxidant defenses of the skin,
supporting macular health, promoting healthy immune and cellular function,
enhancing joint comfort, providing potential support for the digestive
environment, and demonstrating lipid and cardiovascular health properties.
BioAstin astaxanthin is formulated in a base of safflower oil to enhance
bioavailability, is derived from algae developed under well-controlled
conditions, and has been and will continue to be clinically studied. Vitamin E
and rosemary are added to enhance stability. The producers of BioAstin hold
three patents for use as a human nutraceutical. US Patents 6,258,855; 6,344,210
and 6,433,025.
REFERENCE: Nir Y, et al. Effect of an
astaxanthin containing product on rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of the
American College of Nutrition 2002 October;21(5):490.
is a registered trademark of Cyanotech Corporation.
each vegetable capsule contains
astaxanthin ...................................................................................................4 mg.
(naturally derived from Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae)
lutein (naturally occurring).............................................................40 mcg.
vitamin A (as beta carotene) (naturally occurring).............................65 i.u.
vitamin E (d-alpha tocopherol) ..........................................................50 i.u.
other ingredients: rosemary liquid extract, high oleic safflower oil, gelatin
Supports detoxification, healthy cells, and lipid metabolism
*Researchers at the the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center,
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center of New York, AMC Cancer
Center in Colorado, and Ohio State University have extensively studied
d-glucarate. Calcium-d-Glucarate, a patented form of glucaric acid, is a
powerful nutrient with the potential to support healthy detoxification
and cellular function. In the liver, toxic compounds are bound to
glucuronic acids so that they can be eliminated in a safe form from
the body in a cleansing process known as glucuronidation. Betaglucuronidase
is a naturally-occurring enzyme found in various organs
and cells, which can cleave apart these neutral compounds. d-Glucarate
has been shown to help target beta-glucuronidase enzyme activity,
supporting the process by which healthy cells eliminate waste and
foreign elements. It also helps to maintain healthy cell structure and
function. Other studies suggest the promising role of d-glucarate in
supporting healthy lipid metabolism.
Pure Encapsulations patented Calcium-d-Glucarate nutritionally supports
the body's natural ability to detoxify endogenous and environmental
compounds and to promote cellular health for tissues including the liver,
prostate, lung, breast and colon (United States Patent Nos. 4,845,123;
5,364,644; 5,561,160. European Patent No. 0,528,950).
Reference: Abou-Issa H, et al. Relative efficacy of glucarate on the initiation and
promotion phases of rat mammary carcinogenesis. Anticancer Res 1995 May-
Jun;15(3):805-10.
*This complementary combination of concentrated herbal extracts,
minerals, and amino acids nutritionally supports the proper
functioning of the cardiovascular system. The ingredients possess a
broad range of effects, including: improving cardiac circulation and
output; regulating the functional condition of the cardiovascular
system; and improving the heartOs ability to utilize oxygen.
C.V. Forte.TM provides nutritional support to all aspects of
cardiovascular function.
Reference: Degenring FH, Suter A, Weber M, Saller R. A randomised double blind
placebo controlled clinical trial of a standardised extract of fresh Crataegus berries
(Crataegisan) in the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure NYHA II.
Phytomedicine 2003;10(5):363-9.
*Chitosan is obtained by hydrolyzing the aminoacetyl groups of chitin.
Chitosan dissolves into a gelled form. The properties of chitosan
depend in large part on its solubility. Chitosan LipoSan Ultra is an
innovative chitosan with rapid solubility.
LipoSan UltraTM provides advanced solubility chitosan for weight loss.
LipoSan Ultra.TMis a registered trademark of Vanson, Inc.
Reference: Schiller RN, Barrager E, Schauss AG, Nichols EJ. A randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled study examining the effects of a rapidly
soluble chitosan dietary supplement on weight loss and body composition in
overweight and mildly obese individuals. JANA Spring 2001; 4(1): 34-41.
*Phytosterols are sterol molecules, similar in structure to cholesterol,
which are synthesized by plants and are present naturally in grains,
nuts, seeds, fruits and vegetable oils. In studies, phytosterols have
demonstrated the ability to maintain proper enzyme function,
supporting healthy cholesterol metabolism. Traditional Western diets
only provide about 200 mg phytosterols per day (based on betasitosterol
content), an amount too low to exert this action. Recent
health conscious trends involve the incorporation of phytosterol
esters into margarines and salad dressings to help promote optimal
daily intake. CholestePure. is a broad spectrum balance of the most
prized phytosterols, including beta-sitosterol, campesterol,
stigmasterol, and brassicasterol. It is a convenient phytosterol source
without the calories and fat from margarines, spreads, or salad
dressings. Furthermore, beta-sitosterol promotes healthy prostate
function. This was demonstrated in a 6-month randomized, placebocontrolled,
double-blind study involving 200 participants, and in a
6-month, multicentric, placebo-controlled double-blind trial involving
177 subjects, both conducted in Germany.
Pure Encapsulations CholestePure. is a high-purity phytosterol
complex, supporting healthy cholesterol metabolism without the
saturated fat, trans fatty acids or calories found in functional foods.
Beta-sitosterol contained in this formula supports prostate health.
Reference: Hendriks HF, Weststrate JA, van Vliet T, Meijer G. Spreads enriched
with three different levels of vegetable oil sterols and the degree of cholesterol
lowering in normocholesterolaemic and mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects.
Eur J Clin Nutr 1999 Apr;53(4):319-27.
Supports healthy glucose metabolism and
cardiovascular function
*Cinnulin PFTM is a patented, 100% water-soluble cinnamon (Cinnamomi cassia) extract. Traditionally, this
popular aromatic spice has been used to support healthy microbial balance and
gastrointestinal function. Recently, however, there has been a growing amount of
literature, including a study performed at the Beltsville USDA Human Nutrition
Research Center, suggesting that cinnamon's water-soluble polyphenol polymers
support healthy glucose metabolism and provide antioxidant protection. A
clinical trial reported that supplementation with cinnamon promoted healthy
glucose balance and was well tolerated. The investigators also reported that
cinnamon provided statistically significant support for healthy lipid and
triglyceride metabolism. Additional studies indicated that cinnamon extract
promoted an upregulation of glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells.
Furthermore, an animal study is currently underway at the University of
California at Santa Barbara that is further exploring, at a cellular level, the
potential for cinnamon to support glucose function. Studies also indicate that
the numerous water-soluble polyphenol polymers found naturally in cinnamon may
support healthy blood flow.
Cinnulin PFTM, a unique concentrated 20:1 cinnamon extract, provides unmatched potential to support healthy glucose and cardiovascular function, as well as provide antioxidant protection.
REFERENCE: Khan A, Safdar M, Ali Khan
MM, Khattak KN, Anderson RA. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with
type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003 Dec;26(12):3215-8.
Advanced support for cognitive function; helps with mild memory problems
associated with aging; improves absentmindedness
*In studies, vinpocetine promotes healthy blood flow, glucose
transport and healthy red blood cell function in the brain,
maintaining optimal cognitive ability. Furthermore, vinpocetine helps
modulate sodium and calcium levels in nerve cells and exerts
additional neuroprotective actions. In randomized, double-blind trials,
it has been shown to stimulate mental performance and memory.
Ginkgo biloba was included in this formula to provide time-tested
nutritional support, enhancing benefits for the flow of oxygen and
blood to the brain and promoting normal transmission of nerve
impulses. Furthermore, ginkgo has the ability to support healthy
capillaries and blood vessels, promote proper platelet function, and
act as a free radical scavenger. This powerful combination of vinpocetine and Ginkgo biloba provides
high potential cognitive support.
Reference: Polich J, Gloria R. Cognitive effects of a Ginkgo biloba/vinpocetine
compound in normal adults: systematic assessment of perception, attention
and memory. Hum Psychopharmacol 2001 Jul;16(5):409-416.
*Creatine monohydrate provides safe nutritional support for athletes
seeking peak performance in short-duration, high-intensity workouts.
By supporting the bodyOs natural ability to regenerate the primary
energy immediately available to working muscle, creatine
monohydrate has the potential to increase optimal work output in
activities such as weight lifting and sprinting.
Reference: Brose A, Parise G, Tarnopolsky MA. Creatine supplementation
enhances isometric strength and body composition improvements following
strength exercise training in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2003
Jan;58(1):11-9.
Up to 20 grams per day, in divided doses, mixed with a beverage,
for 5-7 days. Thereafter, the maintenance dose is 5-15 grams per day,
in divided doses.
Creatine Pyruvate is available in a convenient, easy-to-use capsule form.
each vegetable capsule contains
creatine pyruvate ............................................................................. 800 mg.
*providing:
pyruvic acid ..................................................................... 40%
creatine monohydrate...................................................... 68%
*Total assay exceeds 100% due to conversion of creatine
monohydrate to anhydrous creatine in creatine pyruvate.
vitamin C (as ascorbyl palmitate) ....................................................... 16 mg.
Up to 25 capsules per day, in divided doses, with or between meals,
for 5-7 days. Thereafter, the maintenance dose is 6-18 capsules
per day, in divided doses.
Support for neurotransmitter function
with dimethylglycine
*DMG naturally occurs in the cells of
all plants and animals. It is chemically similar to the B vitamin family in
structure but is not classified as a vitamin. One of its main roles involves
promoting healthy neurotransmitter function. Studies involving adult subjects
have suggested that DMG may support the central nervous system glycine receptor
or maintain healthy amino acid balance within the central nervous system.
Positive support regarding the use of DMG in children's behavior has been
collected for more than twenty years, as reported by one research institution.
As early as 1965, Russian scientists discovered the potential for DMG to support
healthy mental function in some children. At one research center in Korea, DMG
provided encouraging support for children involved in a small trial. DMG is
sweet tasting and can be mixed with water or food if desirable.
DMG promotes healthy
neurotransmitter activity in some adults and children, supporting central
nervous system function.
REFERENCE: Rimland B. Seizures, Vitamin
B6, DMG, and Sudden Speech. Autism Research Review International
1996;10(2):1.
each vegetable capsule contains
N,N-dimethylglycine (free-form) (DMG)...........................................125 mg.
vitamin C (as ascorbyl palmitate).......................................................5 mg.
(hypo-allergenic plant fiber added to complete capsule volume requirement)
Childrens' recommendations: For a small child, start with 1/2 capsule
per day with breakfast for a few days; for a larger child, start with
one capsule per day with breakfast. Gradually increase to 1-4 capsules
per day.
Adult recommendations: 2-8 capsules per day, in divided doses,
with meals.
*Malic acid and magnesium provide synergistic support for energy
production. Malic acid serves as a substrate for energy release from
the Krebs cycle (where fats and sugars are burned), and magnesium
plays a major role in the formation of ATP, the bodyOs energy storage
molecule. In addition, malic acid has also been shown to play a role
in maintaining muscle comfort. l-Carnitine is also crucial for
mitochondrial production of ATP in skeletal muscle and enhances the
ability of muscle to sustain energy and proper function by supporting
healthy oxygenation of tissue. A recent study suggests that a
combination of malic acid and magnesium nutritionally supports
energy and muscle health in volunteers. Similar support was
demonstrated for individuals supplementing with l-carnitine in a
separate study.
Pure Encapsulations FibroMalicTM offers a novel, enhanced energy
support formulation for rejuvenating energy and muscles.
Reference: Plioplys AV, Plioplys S. Amantadine and L-carnitine treatment of
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Neuropsychobiology 1997;35(1):16-23.
Supports healthy pancreas function and glucose metabolism
*This formula provides a helpful combination of essential nutrients
for blood sugar support. The leaves of Gymnema sylvestre have been
used for over 2,000 years in India. Gymnema sylvestre, standardized
to contain 75% gymnemic acids, has been shown to nutritionally
support the insulin producing cells of the pancreas. Alpha lipoic acid
is a versatile nutrient that provides powerful antioxidant activity and
sustains healthy blood glucose. As adaptogens, Panax ginseng and
Eleutherococcus senticosus, or eleuthero, promote healthy glucose
balance. In recent research, maitake mushroom extract has also
demonstrated a potential role in healthy blood sugar maintenance.
This formula also combines chromium with nicotinic acid, promoting
proper glucose and fat utilization.
Pure Encapsulations Glucose Support FormulaTM contains highly
recognized ingredients that provide specific support for optimal
pancreas function and healthy glucose metabolism.
Reference: Attele AS, Zhou YP, Xie JT, Wu JA, Zhang L, Dey L, Pugh W, Rue PA,
Polonsky KS, Yuan CS. Antidiabetic effects of Panax ginseng berry extract and
the identification of an effective component. Diabetes 2002 Jun;51(6):1851-8.
Helps maintain normal homocysteine levels and cardiovascular health
*Clinical studies show that folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 are vital
in the metabolism of homocysteine. Vitamin B12 and folate are
required by the enzyme that converts homocysteine back to
methionine. Vitamin B6 is required in each of the two enzymatic
reactions that convert homocysteine to cysteine. Betaine, in the form
of trimethylglycine, is included in this supplement to promote the
absorption of these important nutrients. Homocysteine FactorsEbr> provides
vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate and betaine, a highly
bioavailable combination of nutrients integral to supporting normal
homocysteine levels and cardiovascular health.
As part of a well-balanced diet that is low in saturated fat and
cholesterol, folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 may reduce the risk
of vascular disease.*
*FDA evaluated the above claim and found that while it is known that
diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol reduce the risk of heart
disease and other vascular diseases, the evidence in support of the
above claim is inconclusive.
Reference: Schnyder G, Roffi M, Flammer Y, Pin R, Hess OM. Effect of
homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 on
clinical outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention: the Swiss Heart
study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002 Aug 28;288(8):973-9.
*Hyaluronic acid, or HA, is a naturally occurring polymer found in every
tissue of the body. It is particularly concentrated in the skin (almost
fifty percent of all HA in the body is found in the skin) and in synovial
fluid. The body's hyaluronic acid content decreases with aging, due either
to reduced synthesis or as a result of being redistributed in tissues.
Both mechanisms decrease the availability and capability of HA to maintain
healthy skin and joints. HA is composed of alternating units of n-acetyl-d-glucosamine
and d-glucuronate. Pure Encapsulations HA is derived from rooster comb.
HA may also be derived from bacterial fermentation but this form is not
considered to be as pure or have the safety profile of rooster comb HA.
Some forms of rooster comb HA consist of large molecular weight compounds
ranging in size from 500,000 to 6,000,000 daltons. Because this is too
large to be absorbed in the intestines, HA found in Pure Encapsulations
formula undergoes a sophisticated, patent-pending enzymatic process that
alters the molecular weight of the material but not the chemical composition.
The final result is an easily absorbed HA polymer with a molecular weight
of 5,000 daltons. This polymer's functions include attracting and retaining
water in the extracellular matrix of tissues, in the layers of skin, and
in synovial fluid. For skin cells, this is essential for proper cell-to-cell
communication, hydration, nutrient delivery, and waste and toxin elimination.
HA also appears to support the skin by promoting healthy turnover and renewal
of keratinocytes, moderating the appearance of fine lines and age spots.
For joints, HA is especially supportive of healthy lubrication and shock
absorption. Furthermore, in vitro studies indicate that HA modulates prostaglandin
production, providing additional support for joint function. In an animal
study, low molecular weight HA demonstrated the ability to be absorbed
orally. Subjective evaluations conducted by scientists at a Japanese university
involved 96 individuals. The reports suggest an enhancement of skin and
joint health using low molecular weight HA. A number of anecdotal and preliminary
results also indicate a positive effect on skin and joint health.
Pure Encapsulations low molecular
weight Hyaluronic Acid derived from rooster comb provides support for a healthy
and youthful appearance by hydrating and smoothing the skin in addition to
moderating the appearance of fine lines and age spots. Hyaluronic acid also
supports joint function and comfort by promoting healthy synovial fluid
composition and joint lubrication.
REFERENCE: Omori, S. Panel Study on
Injuv (low molecular weigh hyaluronic acid). Otsuma University, Japan 2000.
each vegetable capsule contains
hyaluronic acid powder (low molecular weight) ...............................70 mg.
(providing a minimum of 9% hyaluronic acid)
(hypo-allergenic plant fiber added to complete capsule volume requirement)
6 capsules per day, in divided doses, with or between meals.
*In the body, estrogens are metabolized to form 2-hydroxyestrone
metabolites (2-OHE) and 16alpha-hydroxyestrone metabolites (16alpha-
OHE). These are considered weak and strong estrogens, respectively.
The latter of these can have undesirable cellular effects if an
appropriate balance is not maintained. Cytochrome P450 is a phase I
detoxifying enzyme complex in the liver that supports healthy estrogen
metabolism and has been shown to increase the production of 2-OHE.
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), naturally found in vegetables including broccoli,
brussels sprouts and cabbage, induces cytochrome P450 and phase I
detoxification enzymes and also supports phase II detoxification
enzymes. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 60
women supplementing with indole-3-carbinol resulted in a favorable
shift in estrogen metabolism. Additional clinical trials involving human
volunteers demonstrate that I3C has the ability to promote healthy
2-OHE and 16alpha-OHE metabolism, providing a potential mechanism
for breast health support. In an in vitro study conducted at the
University of California at Berkeley, I3C moderated cellular enzyme
function. This maintained healthy cellular metabolism in a culture of
human breast cells. Furthermore, a placebo-controlled trial indicated
that I3C supports cervical cell health as a result of healthy estrogen
balance. By enhancing cytochrome P450 enzymes and others,
including glutathione-s-transferase, I3C has also been shown to
support various tissues and to scavenge free radicals. In recent years,
I3C has shown a promising ability to support prostate cell metabolism.
In the stomach, I3C is converted to various active metabolites, most
notably diindolylmethane (DIM), believed to be responsible for the
health benefits associated with I3C.
Indole-3-carbinol, the powerful phytochemical found in cruciferous
vegetables, provides breast, cervical and prostate cell support by
activating detoxification enzymes, promoting healthy estrogen balance
and cellular metabolism, and scavenging free radicals.
Reference: Sarkar FH, Rahman KM, Li Y. Bax translocation to mitochondria is
an important event in inducing apoptotic cell death by indole-3-carbinol (I3C)
treatment of breast cancer cells. J Nutr 2003 Jul;133(7 Suppl):2434S-2439S.
is a registered trademark of Cyanotech Corporation. 
